People's Republic of China has some intelligence agencies namely Ministry of Public Security ( MPS / Department of Public Safety ) in charge of internal affairs , Ministry of State Security ( MSS / Department of State Security ) related to the happenings on the activities and operations of foreign intelligence, and the military intelligence Department ( MID / Department of military Intelligence ), known as the Second Department of the People Liberation Army / People's Liberation Army who focus on dealing with tactical military intelligence.
Chinese intelligence operations spread and known active conduct counterintelligence operations throughout the world. This paper will focus on highlighting the MSS, which is related to intelligence gathering operations are covered abroad.
Ministry of State Security is the security agency of the People's Republic of China relating to foreign intelligence matters, which have jurisdiction in all regions of the People's Republic of China. MSS have its main office in the State Council. Article 4 of the Criminal Procedure Law gives the MSS the same authority to arrest or detain people as regular police, for crimes involving state security with through supervision of the court.
MSS has representatives in more than 170 cities and nearly 50 countries around the world. This organization is classified into three levels, namely the common branch, branches and sub - branches. MSS is headquartered in Beijing.
China Intelligence scattered all over the world , ranging from the United States, Canada, Western Europe and North America, and Japan. They use the guise of businessmen, bankers, academics, and journalists. This shows just how broad the scope of MSS agent coverage.
II . Historical MSS
Prior to becoming a modern intelligence organization, MSS called the Central Department of Social Affairs ( CDSA / Department of Social Services ), which is an important part of the Communist Party of China ( CPC / Communist Party of China ). CDSA operating headquarters in Yan'an communist base areas, precisely in Shaanxi Province, North China, over the period 1937-1945. In the second Sino -Japanese war, CDSA report to the CPC about the state of the world, based on news reports that are equipped with vital intelligence. CDSA was reorganized when entering the summer in 1949. Such changes result in a change of name and some intelligence officers who stand transferred to the position of senior positions in the new ministry Ministry of Public Security / Ministry of Public Security of the CCP Central Revolutionary Military Affairs Commission / Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China Central Committee ( People's Republic of China after the establishment of institutions it changed its name to Ministry of Public Security of the Central People's Government / Ministry of Public Security of the People's Government Center ). After the extension of the transition period, the former member of CDSA member People's Liberation Army, which is fully revived under the Central Committee of the Communist Party ( Communist Party Central Committee ) in 1955, which is now the Central Investigation Department ( CID / Central Investigation Department ).
Subsequent developments, in 1983, the merger / amalgamation between CID and counterintelligence section MPS. These two departments were merged into one in the container MSS. In the same year, was appointed the first head of the MSS named Ling Yun, former PRC founder and has served as deputy minister of the MPS. Age office Ling Yun is quite short, until 1985. Next, replaced by Jia Chunwang, a former member of the CPC Central Committee, known as the head of the oldest MSS, from 1985-1998. MSS was restructured around 2003, when it was under the leadership of Xu Yongyue, occupy the number one seat in the MSS since 1998. During his time as chief, MSS enforcement efforts directed against Falun Gong activities.
Until now, the MSS is still unknown closed and public could not access needed information about MSS events that are open, because it does not have an official website and a spokesman for the organization.
III . MSS organization
The mission of the MSS is to uphold state security through effective action against enemy agents, spies and counter- revolutionary activities, which are designed to sabotage or overthrow China's socialist system.
One of its main missions is to report the results of the collection of foreign intelligence targets in various countries. Some MSS agent stints in the Greater China region, such as Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. Chinese agents have been integrated into many Chinese communities the world.
MSS is responsible to the Minister and the Council of State ( state council ) and the Communist Party of China Political and Law Commission ( Chinese Communist Party Political Science and Law Commission ).
One of the characteristics of Chinese intelligence organization is authorized, like those of the MSS, separated by some other security departments, but its strategic role overseeing the administration of programs and functions related to domestic operations of foreign matter. Seeing the development of foreigners visiting China, making China worries mainly on the foreign policy, thereby increasing domestic surveillance operations and increased recruitment. Recruitment of overseas Chinese population tends to be secure and an effective method of doing counter espionage against other countries.
MSS organization supported by several agencies that become an engine of the organization. As several agencies, among others :
a. First Bureau ( Bureau Domestic )
This is similar to the Bureau of General Affairs Bureau First BECs Russia, responsible care of domestic issues, among others, include the recruitment of people with connections abroad and the people who will be traveling abroad, whether for study, business, travel or destination other. The Bureau works to accelerate the filing of documents outside (exit document), if there are problems or difficulties with other agencies. The function of this bureau also provide compensation for the collection of information and secret agents responsible for receiving overseas Chinese who returned to China every few year, in order to meet their bosses.
b . Second Bureau (Foreign Bureau )
The Bureau is responsible for the activities and operations abroad, including shipment overseas secret agents using a disguise.
c . Third Bureau ( Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan )
The Bureau covers the scope of the duties Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. Its main activities include the recruitment of people with connections to the area around Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan, taking care of the activities / operations of the agency and when they returned home to the Chinese mainland for the sake of reporting, assignment and this hollyday. Biro receiving, analyzing and reporting intelligence information high levels collected in areas of responsibility and to give them guidance about the types of information needed intelligence.
d . Fourth Bureau ( Technology Sector )
The Bureau works to assess and develop the activities and operations of intelligence and information -raising techniques counter enemy intelligence activities. The bureau activities include wiretapping phones, photo shoot, recording, communication and transmit intelligence information.
e . Fifth Bureau ( Local Intelligence Bureau )
The Bureau is responsible for providing direction and coordinating the work of the departments and bureaus in the country Ministry of State Security at the provincial and municipal levels.
f . Sixth Bureau ( Counter Intelligence Bureau )
The main task is to eliminate the counter intelligence Chinese Chinese pro-democracy organizations abroad . Priority investigations including western consortium that invested in China are suspected of being involved in peace efforts in the Chinese revolution. The emphasis of this agency work more basic educational activities about security and surveillance, do the reporting on the people and activities that are considered suspicious.
g . Seventh Bureau ( Counter Intelligence Bureau )
The responsibility of this agency is to examine, verify , prepare and write reports intelligence information as well as some special secret report ( classified special reports ) based on first-hand intelligence information from both open source as well as confidential sources. It takes a high sense of art , especially in determining which news should be circulated and no.
h . Eighth Bureau ( institute of contemporary international relations )
The Bureau is divided into 10 research institutions specializing in general studies international relations and the global economy. This bureau is one of the research institutes of international relations which has more than 500 researchers. The focus of the countries studied, among others, the United States, Russia, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Middle East, Japan, Asia, Africa and Latin America. One of the main task is to collect information from open sources. Another mission of the institute is doing a compilation of publications sent to the units at the provincial level and ministerial army.
i . Ninth Bureau ( Anti defection and Counter Surveillance Bureau )
Bureau has the authority and duty counter the efforts of foreign intelligence services to recruit personnel from the Ministry of State Security and the cadres of the Chinese institution outside nation. Biro also counter the efforts of the spy, phone tapping and infiltration of foreign intelligence services against Chinese embassies and consulates.
j . Bureau of ten ( Scientific and Technological Information Bureau )
Bureau tenth that agency science and information technology, focusing on the collection of confidential information relating to the economy, science and technology.
k . Eleventh Bureau ( Bureau of Electronic Computers )
The Bureau called the Bureau of Electronic Computer Field whose job analyzing intelligence information collected electronically-based computer and computer networks operate in charge of the Ministry of State Security. The Bureau is also in charge of collecting information about the electronic systems of the west, protecting information systems and attack the Chinese secret service intelligence agencies of other countries.
0 komentar:
Posting Komentar