Security Service, or MI5 is known as one of the intelligence agencies that specifically deal with the problem in England. In cooperation with the Secret Intelligence Service ( SIS ), or MI6, Government Communications Headquarters ( GCHQ ), the M15 also plays an important role in maintaining security in the United Kingdom and abroad, especially from the aspect of Intelligence.
A. A Brief History of Security Service
MI5 rather stand in October 1909 which was originally formed with the aim of combating espionage operations ( foreign intelligence activity in other countries ) Germany in the UK. Giving the name MI5 began in April 1914, when the War Affairs section of the Directorate of Military Operations section which is the forerunner of MI5 turns into M - 05. A few months later, precisely September 1916, M - 05 renamed MI5 ( which is a military intelligence ).
MI 5 proven effective in combating the threats coming from outside, for example the success dismantle the German spy network in Britain during the First World War took place. About thirty five spies were arrested even executed , imprisoned and exiled.
During the period leading up to World War II, MI5 faced an increased threat of espionage escalation coming from the Soviet Union and Germany through the threat of communist and fascist subversion. When it comes to the situation of internal MI5 namely shortage of human resources for 1929. Occur year decline in the number of staff from 844 officers to 12 people. However, a shortage of personnel is not a bottleneck in the performance of duties and responsibilities of MI5 who was held by Sir Vernon Kell.
In the same year, MI5 changed its name to the Defense Security Service, and last approximately 2 years. The Defense Security Service, re- experiencing the turn of the new name is the Security Service, which is still in use. 1931, the Security Service was given authority and responsibility, in analyzing security threats from terrorist groups Irish English , Irish Republican Army ( IRA ) and anarchism, which is also the responsibility of the police.
The period of World War II, the Security Service plays an important role in combating the threat of espionage, communication interception Germany and spreading disinformation to Germany. Security Service agents have uncovered the identity of the enemy is settled in the UK, some of them successfully recruited back to work with to be a double agent. The task of a double agent at the time, was instrumental in spreading disinformation to the Germans, such as the deployment of military strategy, or so-called system of " Double Cross ". Double cross system is most effective in smoothing the successful landing of allied troops in Normandy, or event known as D - Day in June 1944 ( Agent Garbo 's success in Operation Fortitude ).
In May 1940, the Chairman of the Security Service , Sir Vernon Kell dismissed the Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, and was replaced by Brigadier Oswald " Jasper ' Harker , who later, in April 1941, replaced Sir David Petrie. Under the leadership of Sir David, Security Service shows its greatest achievement , namely espionage against Germany.
After the year 1945, after the capture of several German agents, Security Service learning some activity records, and the records of the results, it was found almost around 115 German agents or more, successfully infiltrated into the UK. Security Service also succeeded in the identification of such agents, and subsequently arrested and treated without going through the trial process, unless the agent who had committed suicide before he was arrested. In the first period of 6 months, approximately 64 thousand foreigners from Germany, Austria and Italy who settled in the UK has undergone the inspection process through interviews and stated that they were " friends with allies ". In a further development, suspected Nazi sympathies England as Sir . Oswald Mosley was imprisoned for alleged subversive activities in the country UK.
Post World War II, the Security Service tried to broaden his perspective and seeks to dominate the effect for a period of 30 years into the future, by utilizing the ideological conflict between the Soviet bloc and the Western democracies. Soviet subversion and espionage used as an entrance form work areas Security Service since world war, and when it enters 1970, the Security Service uses the issue of terrorism in order to become a common concern in the fight against serious threats to national security.
Changes focus on the wane subversion, since entering the era of the 1990s, which was marked by the collapse of the communist bloc. Expanding spectrum of threats, the Security Service was also faced with the threat of attacks by the IRA continued and increasingly large, concentrated in Northern Ireland and the UK mainland. In addition, the Security Service also have to fight international terrorism is growing back rapidly in some areas of the world. Subsequently, in October 1992, the Security Service in control and responsible in dealing with terrorism in Northern Ireland and the UK mainland which had previously been the responsibility of the UK Metropolitan Police. The presence of more authority, not directly exclude liability Police Service of Northern Ireland ( formerly the Royal Ulster Constabulary ) are still given the same authority in dealing with terrorist groups in Northern Ireland.
Up to now, the Security Service still has chores such as long- term intelligence operations against foreign terrorism related to Northern Ireland. The operation has been initiated during the period of 1970-1980 's. Security Service also was recorded performance by gaining a good name in front of the British public, around the mid-1990 's, a number of members of the Security Service was able to prove that the experiment will be carried out acts of terrorism IRA group.
Intelligence Service Act passed in 1994, further strengthens the legal basis and operational activities of the Security Service are also bridging the birth of the Intelligence and Security Committee. Two years later, returned the Security Service Act was amended to mandate the provision of more space for the Security Service to assist other law enforcement agencies to combat serious crime.
B. Organizational Development Security Service
Security Service, or MI5, a domestic security intelligence agency UK, which since its inception has duties in combating the threat posed by both surface and hidden to national security. Security Service is also responsible for giving security advice to other agencies, and assist in overcoming the threat of development.
Security Service headed by the Director General, Jonathan Evans, located in Thames House, London. Security Service has 8 regional offices spread throughout the UK, and additional offices in Ireland serve as a representative office. Security Service oversees seven fields, each responsible for a part of each task, such as terrorism, espionage, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, a serious crime, subversion.
Security Service also plays other important activities in combating terrorist activities and foreign intelligence. Late in 1990, Security Service began issuing historical files in the National Archives, to meet the needs of public information for the world Security Service, ranging from evolution, historical events up to experience the famous case of members of the intelligence in the late 20th century.
11 September 2001 attacks in the United States became the turning point of the Security Service to fight against terrorism can strike at any time the UK. Events of 9/11 proves that the terrorists have the will and ability to kill in large numbers. After the international terrorist attacks, in February 2004, the British government announced to provide assistance to the Security Service to improve its performance related eradication of terrorism.
Security Service is also committed to increasing the number of personnel based on the situation of the increasing need for information related to the development of the case. After the attacks of 11 September 2001, The Joint Terrorism Analysis Center ( JTAC ) was formed as an observer and study center in a report on the threat of international terrorism. The organization as a form of representative departments and other agencies, located in Thames House, side by side with the Security Service office.
Speaking about the activities and operations of the legal umbrella Security Service, based on the Security Service Act 1989. The law regulates the function and provide counter the authority responsible for any incoming threat. Under the Security Service Act 1989, the functions of the Security Service, among others :
1. Protect national security and counter threats from espionage, terrorism and sabotage, foreign intelligence activities and also activities that aim to disrupt or overthrow parliamentary democracy political, industrial and other unrest.
2. Maintaining economic growth in order to run well against the threat activity or desire for someone coming from outside the UK who wish to disrupt or damage the national economy.
3. Supporting activities of the police and other law enforcement agencies in the prevention and detection of serious crime cases follow.
In a democratic order, security agencies in the country should be free from politics and accountable. MI5 Act mandates the authority under Secretary of State, who has the right of reply in Parliament or in the Security Service. Act also mandates the responsibility of the Director General / Chief who led MI5 to carry out their duties must be free of any political party interests.
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