In contrast to the Russian Federal Security Service ( FSB ), SVR is responsible for intelligence and espionage activities outside the Russian Federation. The agency is working with the Russian Main Intelligence Directorate ( GRU ), which has a number of agents far more, or about six times that of SVR agents who also spread abroad. This data is according to 1997 records . SVR is also authorized to negotiate and make cooperation in the handling of counter terrorism and cooperation arrangements with foreign intelligence agencies, as well as providing analysis of product manufacture, including supporting disseminate intelligence reports to the President of Russia.
A. History The establishment of SVR
SVR is the institutions that carry out intelligence operations of foreign intelligence, which previously conducted foreign intelligence agency of the Soviet era, ranging from ' foreign department ' Cheka, led by Vladimir Lenin, the SVR then OGPU ( Joint State Political Directorate ), NVKD ( People's Commissariat In country ), until the First Chief Directorate Komitet gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti ( KGB ).
Officially, the SVR was established as a Special Section of the Cheka, on December 20, 1920. The head of the Cheka, Felix Dzerzhinsky, who created the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Cheka ( Inostranny Otdel - INO ) improving collection and dissemination activities of foreign intelligence products. On 6 February 1922, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Cheka became part of the organization which was renamed as the State Political Directorate, or GPU. Ministry of Foreign Affairs in charge of running the activities of foreign intelligence services, including the collection of vital intelligence from foreign countries as well as freeze the handling of defectors, immigrants , and various kinds of ' enemies of the people '. In 1922, after the establishment of the State Political Directorate ( GPU ) and the merger with the People 's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation Socialist ( RSFSR ), the foreign intelligence activities conducted by the Joint State Political Directorate ( GPU ). In July 1934, the Joint State Political Directorate ( OGPU ) merged back into the NKVD. In 1954, the NKVD back into the KGB, who in 1991, changed its name to the SVR.
SVR is the first part of the KGB in creating a separation of identity ( as the Central Intelligence Agency or Centralnaya Sluzhbza Razvedkyin ( CSR ) ) in October 1991, which incorporates most of the foreign operations, intelligence gathering and intelligence analysis conducted by the First Chief Directorate of the KGB.
In September 1991, Gorbachev, who was named Yevgeni Primakov served as the first deputy chairman of the USSR State Security Committee ( KGB ) and the Chief of the Main Directorate of the KGB. Russian President Boris Yeltsin confirmed Primakov as head of the SVR, replacing CSR in December 1991. With the emergence of SVR which was part of the KGB as an independent body, Primakov obligation to report directly to President Boris Yeltsin.
Entering February 1996, replacing Andrei Kozyrev Primakov as Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs. The appointment after parliamentary elections were held in December, when the Communists gather the most votes and is ready to dominate the Duma ( People's Council ) together with the nationalists. Colonel General Vyacheslav Trubnikov appointed positions as director of the SVR. Furthermore, Trubnikov is a graduate of Moscow State Institute of International Relations ( MGIMO ) with a specialization in Asian countries. Trubnikov spent his entire career in the KGB and lived for 15 years in South Asia by posing as a journalist. In January 1992, Trubnikov appointed as Deputy Director of the SVR, and served as Director of the 23 foreign intelligence since its inception in 1920.
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In 1992, the SVR intelligence issued in the form of a CD - ROM titled Russian Foreign : VChK ( Cheka ) - KGB - SVR, contains the " view history and development of one of the most powerful secret service in the world " in which all services are presented into the form of the most growing organizations at that time.
B. Legal Authority SVR
SVR was established on the basis of Presidential Decree No. 293 dated December 18, 1991, which specifically aims to provide intelligence information needed by the President of the Russian Federation, the Federal Assembly and the Government.
On January 10, 1996 President Yeltsin signed the Law on Foreign Intelligence Organs were passed by the Duma in December 1995. Previous Law on Foreign Intelligence Organs were drafted by the SVR itself, already adopted in August 1992.
The law identifies four Russian institutions , including the SVR, which perform the function of external intelligence, determine the structure, main principles and government control. The authority given to the SVR among other things, conduct intelligence activities, making active steps to ensure the security of Russia, running the military, economic, and other strategic matters. SVR also provide security for family members and Russian agencies or institutions domiciled abroad. As for the other authority, such as conducting joint operations with foreign security and intelligence agencies conduct surveillance abroad.
SVR intelligence activities in order to :
Support the decision making of President of the Russian Federation, the Federal Assembly and the Government regarding the provision of information related intelligence required in the fields of politics, economy, military, strategic, scientific, technological and environmental;
Creating an enabling environment for the successful implementation of the policy of the Russian Federation in the field of security;
Promoting economic development, scientific and technical progress of the state and the military and technical matters relating to the security of the Russian Federation.
In the process of gathering intelligence, the SVR can use either method of open, closed and use intelligence devices. The procedure for using the means and methods of the secret has been regulated in the Law on Foreign Intelligence Organs. Intelligence information was given by the President of the Russian Federation, Federal Assembly of Space, Government of the Russian Federation and the Federal Executive President Defined judicial authorities, enterprises, institutions and organizations.
C. organizations SVR
Under the presidential decree on October 9, 2007, Mikhail Efimovich Fradkov officially appointed as head of the SVR. Foreign Intelligence Service Director is appointed by the President of the Russian Federation.
List of structural units of the Russian SVR :
Office of the Director ;
Protocol Department ;
Academy of Intelligence ( ABP ) ;
Office of Public Relations and Mass Media ( Press Office ) ;
Operations Departments ;
Office of Analysis and Information ;
Management of Foreign Counterintelligence ;
Department of Information Technology;
Management of Scientific and Technological Revolution ;
Engineering Management ;
Economic Intelligence Management ;
Office Customer Service and Support.
SVR is represented in the Security Council and Defense Council, which also helped build relationships between groups and commissions. Coordination of operations performed various Russian intelligence agencies on the basis of bilateral agreements and work contacts. Coordination was difficult relationship occurs because faced with comparing classified information and the limited lateral relations and sharing information vertically. It requires initiative the president directly without the need to coordinate with other departments or SVR.
Office of the Comptroller of the Russian Federation have the right to audit the financial statements of the estimated expenditure and expenditure of intelligence. Moreover Parliament also supervises the work of SVR. State Duma and the Federation Council conduct parliamentary hearings and investigations, and both rooms have the right to ask the head of the SVR.
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