Africa
Rising temperatures up to 1 º C will cause tens of millions of people suffering from water shortages and threatened by the spread of malaria. Above 2 º C , hundreds of millions more in Africa will suffer water shortages , increasing the risk of malaria in the highlands , declining crop yields , and the destruction of many ecosystems .
Asia
With increasing temperature , about 1 billion people will suffer as a result of the shrinking of agricultural production , water shortages , and increasing extreme weather events ( storms , floods , and droughts ) .
Latin America
With a temperature rise of up to 1 º C , tens of millions of Latin Americans suffer from water shortages, some endemic species threatened by land conversion and climate change . Temperature rise above 1 º C led to more than hundreds of millions of people short of water ; lowland areas on the beach , which is densely populated , threatened by rising seas and more intense storms on the coast ; Biological diversity gone massively especially in the Amazon .
There are some other effects of global warming are not described above , however , this disaster more often
we encounter in various places around the world .Earthquakes , volcanic eruptions , tsunami , and Landslide
A geologist Bill McGuire of Hazard Research Center at University College London , said that earthquakes , volcanic eruptions , tsunamis , and landslides , is another catastrophe arising from changes iklim.4 According to him , there are two reasons . First , impaired balance the Earth 's crust . The polar ice caps have pressed heavy crust beneath it . Because the ice melts , the crust underneath trying to find a new balance . Shifting this balance can trigger magma activity in the Earth 's crust and earthquake activity . " At the end of the Ice Age, recorded a massive increase in seismic activity along with the shrinking ice sheets in Scandinavia or other places like that and triggered landslides in that sea , which in turn triggered a tsunami , " said McGuire . The second cause , the sea water pressure . Warmer ocean temperatures result in sea water expands . "Begin of sea water plus ice melts into the sea pressed beneath the Earth's crust . It can suppress any magma around them out of volcanoes , triggering eruptions , " McGuire explained . This mechanism is believed to be the cause of the periodic eruption of Mount Pavlof in Alaska which erupts every winter when sea levels were higher . McGuire 's own conduct research published in the journal Nature in 1997 on the link between rising sea levels by a volcanic eruption activity in the Mediterranean over the last 80,000 years , and found that when the sea level rose suddenly , more volcanic eruptions that occur , with a drastic increase of 300 % !
McGuire 's research reinforces the research of Dr. . Thomas J. Chalko , M.Sc. , Ph.D. , head of the geophysics of Scientific E Research P / L , Melbourne , Australia , which argued that global warming causes thermal imbalance of Earth's interior . As a result , volcanoes become active and erupt stronger . Earthquake activity around the world is now five times more than 20 years ago . Research shows the destructive nature of earthquakes increased rapidly and he stated that this trend will continue, unless the problem of global warming addressed menyeluruh.5
I want to add a discussion of the impact of global warming according to the report " The Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change " 6 as a comparison you because this report is the report of the largest and most widely known and discussed throughout the world . This 700-page report compiled by Sir Nicholas Stern , Head of the UK Government Economic , and describes the effects of global warming according to the rise in temperature every 1 degree . Here's a little review .
Air Temperature Rise 1 º C
Some small glaciers in the Andes disappear entirely and threatening water supplies for 50 million people .
Moderate rise in cereal yields in temperate regions .
At least 300,000 people die each year due to diseases caused by climate change ( mainly diarrhea , malaria , and malnutrition ) , but no reduction in mortality during the winter in the higher regions ( Northern Europe , USA ) .
Ice sheets in the northern hemisphere is melting and causing damage to roads and buildings in most of Canada and Russia .
At least 10 % of terrestrial species will become extinct , 80 % damaged coral reefs , including the Great Barrier Reef is the largest in the world located in the northeast of Australia .
Gulf Stream weakened .
Air Temperature Rise 2 º C
Water shrink by 20-30 % in some areas that are vulnerable , such as southern Africa and the Mediterranean .Yields fell sharply in tropical regions ( 5-10 % in Africa ) .
40-60 million people suffer from malaria in Africa .
Approximately 10 million people suffer more floods every year .
15-40 % of species endangered Arctic species , such as polar bears and cows , likely to be extinct .
Greenland ice sheet began to melt uncontrollably .
Air Temperature Rise 3 º C
In southern Europe , severe drought occurs once every 10 years ; 1-4 billion more people suffer water shortages , while the 1-5 billion people suffer from flooding elsewhere .
150-550 million people starving
1-3 million people die due to malnutrition ; diseases such as malaria spread to new territories .
1-170 million more people suffer from coastal flooding .
20-50 % of species threatened with extinction , including here , 25-60 % of mammals , birds 30-40 % , and 15-70 % of butterflies in South Africa ; destruction of the Amazon forest .
Changing weather disasters is increasing, the collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet .
Air Temperature Rise 4 º C
Water supplies shrink 30-50 % in Southern Africa and the Mediterranean .
Warmer air temperatures cause the disappearance of Himalayan glaciers and affecting millions of people in China and India .
Harvest slumped 15-35 % in Africa and around the barn world food production ( in parts of Australia ) .
80 million people suffer from malaria in Africa .
7-300 million people in coastal areas suffer flooding every year .
The disappearance of half of the tundra in the Arctic region ; Amazon rainforest die ; shrinking ice sheets caused sea level rise of 7 meters .
Air Temperature Rise Above 5 º C
Recent evidence suggests that the Earth's average temperature will rise more than 5 or 6 º C if greenhouse gas emissions continue to grow and pose a great danger the release of carbon dioxide from the soil surface and the release of methane from permafrost in the Arctic and from the seabed . The increase in global temperature will be equivalent to the global warming that have occurred in the last Ice Age and , when the Earth's temperature to 6 º C warming , its impact on human unexpected . “The End of the World?”.
Threat of Extinction of Life on Earth
One of the effects of global warming is the melting of ice sheets in the Arctic . Based on data from the latest satellite imagery , NASA climate scientist Jay Zwally said that a layer of ice in the Arctic is likely gone by the end of summer 2012 , faster than previous estimates .
The IPCC has warned that melting ice in the Arctic has sparked global warming accelerated .
Why is that ? This is due to a layer of white ice at the North Pole serves as a mirror , it reflects 80% of the sun's heat back into space . If there is no ice , then the heat of the sun will be directly absorbed by the oceans . Summer sea ice melt will lead to many more . However , the danger does not stop there .
Did you know, under the Arctic permafrost carbon and methane stored in large quantities ? When the ice melts , then both greenhouse gases will be released into the atmosphere . The numbers are not messing around ! Arctic permafrost contains 2 times the amount of carbon in the atmosphere . Over twenty research scientists headed by Professor environment Ted Schuur of the University of Florida that was published in the September 2008 issue of the journal BioScience suggests that 1,672 billion metric tons of carbon trapped under the ice and this number doubled from 780 billion tonnes of carbon in the current atmosphere .
Serious threats also come from methane hydrate stored sediment on the sea floor . This sediment is found throughout the continent and the edge of the sea when it gets hot regardless . With the loss of the ice sheet which resulted in 90% of the sun's heat directly into the ocean , the sediment methane could be released from the seabed .
Not long ago in the month of September 2008 Arctic scientists find real evidence that millions of tons of methane is started regardless of the Arctic seabed .
They found a number of areas in the foaming seas because of methane gas bubbling from the seabed . Not long later recovered hundreds methane plumes bubbling from the seabed in the area of Svalbard in the Arctic .
According to Drs . Gregory Ryskin , associate professor of chemical engineering at Northwestern University , methane gas is released abruptly from the ocean floor into the main cause of the extinction of most of the marine life and terrestrial species at the end of the Permian era , long before dinosaurs existed. Dr. . Ryskin counting 10,000 gigatons of methane gas ( 1 Gigatonnes = 1 billion tons ) of water collects in the bottom of the ocean at high pressure . The explosion of explosive methane gas has 10,000 times more powerful than the explosion of a nuclear weapon in the entire world . Flooding from the sea giant lake of fire that causes mass extinctions that time, approximately 95 % of marine species and 70% of land species . Furthermore , he said , if it ever happens , it could happen again .
How quickly did that happen ? A study showed that dramatic climate change in just one year never happened in the history of the Earth .
Thirteen thousand years ago , Europe is not much different from the situation now , it's just a lot warmer and covered by forests . However , suddenly , there is a change . The warm Gulf Stream carries heat from the equator to the poles stop flowing . Temperatures dropped dramatically from 3 to 4 degrees Celsius , and survive that way for a thousand years . Scientists headed by Achim Brauer of the German Research Center for Geosciences in Potsdam , Germany , said the drastic climate change period called the Younger Dryas occurred in just one year , approximately 12 679 years ago , based on the research on well preserved sedimentary layers at a remote lake in Germany . Research shows that cold water flowing from melting glaciers flow weakens the warm Gulf Stream . As a result ended the warm breeze blowing across Europe previously . Without the warm breeze , the temperature quickly dropped 3 to 4 degrees Celsius , and freeze previously forested continent for thousands of years later . Daniel Sigman of Princeton University says that " the Younger Dryas period continues to surprise us because it gives the message how quickly climate change can happen . "
The UN itself has also been mentioned that the melting of the ice sheets are " wild cards " that could dramatically exacerbate global warming by releasing greenhouse gases on a large scale . We may be reaching the threshold is difficult to predict exactly , but past that threshold could have serious ramifications globally . Methane released massively into the atmosphere , originating from melting permafrost and methane hydrates in marine sediments , will bring unexpected changes in climate patterns that may be irreversible . We should not pass this threshold . Global warming caused by human activity should be addressed to help us avoid the consequences of this kind entirely . "
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